In recent years, human gut microbiota have become one of the most promising areas
of microorganism research; meanwhile, the inter-relation between the gut microbiota and various
human diseases is a primary focus. As is demonstrated by the accumulating evidence, the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system interact through the gut–brain axis, which includes
neuronal, immune-mediated and metabolite-mediated pathways. Additionally, recent progress from
both preclinical and clinical studies indicated that gut microbiota play a pivotal role in gut–brain
interactions, whereas the imbalance of the gut microbiota composition may be associated with the
pathogenesis of neurological diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases), the underlying
mechanism of which is insufficiently studied. This review aims to highlight the relationship between
gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases, and to contribute to our understanding of the function of gut microbiota in neurodegeneration, as well as their relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, we
also discuss the current application and future prospects of microbiota-associated therapy, including
probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), potentially shedding new light on the research
of neurodegeneration. CLICK TO REVIEW