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Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Protein Misfolding and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease: Roads to Biomarker Discovery

A-Synuclein, Gut Dysbiosis, Mitochondria /

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease among olderadults. PD neuropathology is marked by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons of thesubstantia nigra pars compacta and the widespread accumulation of misfolded intracellularα-synuclein (α-syn). Genetic mutations and post-translational modifications, such as α-syn phosphorylation, have been identified among the multiple factors supporting α-syn accrual […]

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What Substance P might tell us about the Prognosis and Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease?

A-Synuclein, Gut-Brain axis, Olfactory, Parkinson's Disease, Vagal Nerve /

The neuropeptide substance P (SP) plays an important role in neurodegenerative disorders, among which Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present work we have reviewed the involvement of SP and its preferred receptor (NK1-R) in motor and non-motor PD symptoms, in both PD animal models and patients. Despite PD is primarily a motor disorder, non-motor abnormalities,

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The Effect of a Probiotic Complex on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Translational Study

Biomarkers, Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

A significant improvement of cognitive functions, in terms of short-termmemory, attention, and executive performance, as well as ofpsychophysiological markers, such as salivary cortisol level,skin conductance, sleep quality, and anxiety, were observed.Conclusions: According to the results, L. reuteri PBS072 andB. breve BB077 are potential probiotic candidates for improving stress resilience, cognitive functions, and sleep quality CLICK

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Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Brain-derived EVs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier,protecting their payload from enzymatic degradation, and are easily recovered from biofluids. Interestingly, EVcontent is strongly influenced by the specific pathophysiological status of the donor cell. In this manuscript, therole of EVs as source of novel PD biomarkers is discussed, providing all recent findings concerning relevantproteins and

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The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Parkinson's Disease /

The present manuscript is dedicated to identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions. The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among

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The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Gut Dysbiosis /

The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among these, the GI tract is ofteninvolved, and for this reason, it is important to assess its

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Impact of Mediterranean Diet on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Longevity

Diet and Exercise, Herbs & Spices, Parkinson's Disease, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

: The average life expectancy of the world population has increased remarkably in the past150 years and it is still increasing. A long life is a dream of humans since the beginning of time but also a dream is to live it in good physical and mental condition. Nutrition research has focused on recent decades

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Fasting: How to Guide

Diet and Exercise, Fasting /

Fasting potentials are the most interesting topics in the Nutritional Era. Fasting consists of the catabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels in a normal range. The action mechanisms of fasting were firstly understood in minor organisms and later in humans. Nutritional interventions of caloric restriction could attenuate age-associated epigenetic alterations

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Deciphering and manipulating the epigenome for the treatment of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease /

This narrative review aimed to elaborate on the potential epigenomic treatments for PD and AD. About 199 scientific articles written in English, which reported on novel epigenomic-based treatment for PD and AD, were selected for this review from the PubMed database. Full articles and relevant data were extracted. Treatments targeting DNA methylation or miRNAs appear

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Retinal thickness and microvascular pathway in Idiopathic Rapid eye movement sleep Behaviour Disorder and Parkinson’s disease

iRBD, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

In PD and iRBD patients retina was thinner than HCs, and values of iRBD were between PD and HCs. Moreover, in iRBD, a peculiar microvascular pattern has been found, characterized by a higher vascularization of the deep capillary plexus. Our findings suggest that retina might be considered a biomarker of neurodegeneration in iRBD, easily estimable

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