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Biological macromolecules acting on central nervous system

Uncategorized /

Author links open overlay panel Biological macromolecules are built by the combination of smaller organic molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are examples of such biological macromolecules. In this chapter, we discuss the role of these micro molecules on central nervous system (CNS). From various literature, it is observed that biological macromolecules are mainly […]

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Protein Aggregation in the ER: Calm behind the Storm

A-Synuclein /

As one of the largest organelles in eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays avital role in the synthesis, folding, and assembly of secretory and membrane proteins. To maintainits homeostasis, the ER is equipped with an elaborate network of protein folding chaperones andmultiple quality control pathways whose cooperative actions safeguard the fidelity of protein biogenesis.

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The role of cardiovascular autonomic failure in the differential diagnosis of α-synucleinopathies

A-Synuclein, Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Pre-PD /

The α-synucleinopathies comprise a group of adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB,) and — as a restricted non-motor form — pure autonomic failure (PAF). Neuropathologically, the α-synucleinopathies are characterized by aggregates of misfolded α-synuclein in the central and peripheral nervous system. Cardiovascular autonomic failure is

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Dual role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on host and pathogen

Butyrate, Gut Microbiota, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

A growing body of documents shows microbiota produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence the host and bacterial pathogens. The production of SCFAs depends on the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora and is also affected by dietary changes. SCFAs play important roles in maintaining colonic health as

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Review of Metabolomics-Based Biomarker Research for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers, Metabolites, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Parkinson’s disease (PD), as the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is seriously affecting the life quality of the elderly. However, there is still a lack of efficient medical methods to diagnosis PD before apparent symptoms occur. In recent years, clinical biomarkers including genetic, imaging, and tissue markers have exhibited remarkable benefits in assisting PD diagnoses.

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To search for targets of therapy that changes the course of Parkinson’s disease

A-Synuclein, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Abstract .Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multisystem disease that requires a more comprehensive approach to its study and treatment. The purpose was to give clinical and laboratory characteristics of PD patients, in whom the onset of motor symptoms of the disease is associated with the action of precipitating factors and provide a theoretical justification

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Orthostatic Hypotension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Autonmic nervous system, Non-Motor Symptoms, Orthostatic Hypotension, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is a highly prevalent and disabling feature of autonomic failure due to both peripheral and central neurodegenerative diseases. Community-based epidemiological studies have demonstrated a high morbidity and mortality associated with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. It is due to impairment of baroreflex-mediated vasoconstriction of the skeletal muscle and splanchnic circulation and is caused by damage

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Association Between Parkinson’s Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Study

A-Synuclein, Autonmic nervous system, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction contributes to several non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, ANS plays a role in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated the temporal association between PD and AF. This study demonstrated that the premotor and early stages of PD were comorbid with AF, whereas

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Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Taurine (Tau) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the brain and regulates physiological functions in the central nervous system, including anti-inflammatory effects. There is growing evidence that microglia-mediated neuro-inflammatory responses are an integral part of Parkinson’s disease (PD) onset and progression. Among the many factors regulating the inflammatory response, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)

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