The goal intervention was effective for PD patients and older adults, suggesting that enhanced goal specificity and difficulty may benefit individuals with PD or those aging naturally. CLICK TO REVIEW
Multiple lingual-waves, reverse-tongue thrust, with delayed velar control attributed to incoordinated muscular rhythm. Variable oropharyngeal transit time (0.64 to 2.25 msec) in PD ascribed to brainstem degenerative changes. Findings imply that subtle observable early oromotor signs as pre-clinical manifestation when evaluated with non-invasive, non-contrast dynamic MRI support early intervention, to prevent late-stage aspiration episodes and