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Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Brain-derived EVs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier,protecting their payload from enzymatic degradation, and are easily recovered from biofluids. Interestingly, EVcontent is strongly influenced by the specific pathophysiological status of the donor cell. In this manuscript, therole of EVs as source of novel PD biomarkers is discussed, providing all recent findings concerning relevantproteins and […]

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The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Parkinson's Disease /

The present manuscript is dedicated to identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions. The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among

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Interactions between the microbiota and enteric nervous system during gut-brain disorders

ENS, Gut Microbiota /

The ENS, which is known as the “second brain”, could be under the direct or indirect influence of the gut microbiota and its released factors (short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, gaseous factors, etc.). Thus, in addition to their actions on tissue (adipose tissue, liver, brain, etc.), microbes can have an impact on local ENS activity. This potential

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Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

Biomarkers, Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Olfactory /

The establishment of biomarkers that promote early risk identification is critical for the implementation of early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is seen in 90% of early-stage PD patients and 85% of patients with early-stage AD, which makes it an attractive biomarker for early diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we

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Biomarkers of conversion to α-synucleinopathy in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder

A-Synuclein, iRBD /

Patients with isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are commonly regarded as being in the early stages of a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving α-synuclein pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. Abnormal α-synuclein deposition occurs early in the neurodegenerative process across the central and peripheral nervous systems and might precede the appearance of motor symptoms and cognitive decline

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates and Parkinson’s Disease: The InflamaSPark Protocol

A-Synuclein /

The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (AS) aggregates. Prior to the central nervous system involvement, PD establishes itself in the gut as a result of the complex interplay between microbiota, the host’s immune/neural systems and increased intestinal permeability. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients present a higher number of AS aggregates

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia

Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

We provide an approach to risk disclosure for patients with iRBD. Patients should be asked if they want to know about future risks. If so, disclosure should be patient centered, focusing on what might happen. Discussion should occur early to give patients time to prepare for the future and consider participating in research. CLICK TO

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia Read More »

The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Gut Dysbiosis /

The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among these, the GI tract is ofteninvolved, and for this reason, it is important to assess its

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