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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Elevated Bile Acids in Parkinson’s Disease

Bile acid analysis in the PD appendix reveals an increase in hydrophobic and secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). Further proteomic and transcriptomic analysis in the appendix and ileum corroborated these findings, highlighting changes in the PD gut that are consistent with a disruption in bile acid control, including alterations in

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Is Gut Dysbiosis an Epicenter of Parkinson’s Disease?

Nevertheless, the scientific literature is overflowing with the remarkable observations supporting the role of dysbiosis in PD. Lack of specificity to differentially diagnose PD with non-PD or PD-plus syndrome, to identify highly precise drug targets and to develop therapeutic stratagems to encounter the disease on the basis of this approach, causes us to be open-minded

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Identification of novel biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease by metabolomic technologies

Metabolomic analysis detected biomarkers associated with PD pathogenesis and disease progression. Since critical metabolic biomarkers need to be identified in PD, future studies should include assay validation and replication in independent cohorts. CLICK TO REVIEW

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The Gut-Brain Axis

The concept of the gut-brain axis (GBA) has existed for more than 3 decades [1]. Gastrointestinal motor and sensory components send messages to the central nervous system (CNS), and the return response to the intestine is the definition of the GBA [2]. Nutrition affects microbiota colonization and gut metabolites, which can influence brain development and

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The Relationship of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

The neural changes were seen in PD with FOG and RBD, and sensory and motor changes observed in these two diseases. The functional neuroanatomy that controls REM sleep, arousal, and locomotion overlap significantly with multiple neural circuits affected in RBD and PD with FOG. Visual perception dysfunction and motor symptoms that primarily affect gait initiation

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Role of the Intestinal Microbiome, Intestinal Barrier and Psychobiotics in Depression

Additionally, it is known that, in periods of excessive activation of stress reactions, the immune system also plays an important role, negatively affecting the tightness of the intestinal barrier and intestinal microflora. In this review, we have summarized the role of the gut microbiota, its metabolites, and diet in susceptibility to depression. We also describe

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3-Hydroxybutyrate as a Metabolite and a Signal Molecule
Regulating Processes of Living Organisms

. Additionally, in animals, 3-HB is not only an intermediate metabolite, but also an important regulatory molecule that can influence gene expression, lipid metabolism, neuronal function, and overall metabolic rate. Some of these effects are the direct effects of 3-HB itself, while others are indirect effects, regulated by the metabolites into which 3-HB is converted.

3-Hydroxybutyrate as a Metabolite and a Signal Molecule
Regulating Processes of Living Organisms
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