Biomarkers

A randomization-based causal inference framework for uncovering environmental exposure effects on human gut microbiota

Biomarkers, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Pesticides, Pre-PD /

We study the effects of these interventions on the human gut microbiome by testing shifts in microbial diversity, changes in individual microbial abundances, and microbial network wiring between groups of matched subjects via randomization-based inference. In the smoking prevention scenario, we identify a small interconnected group of taxa worth further scrutiny, including Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae […]

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Metabolomics of sebum reveals lipid dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers, Pre-PD /

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterised by degeneration of distinct neuronal populations, including dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Here, we use a metabolomics profiling approach to identify changes to lipids in PD observed in sebum, a non-invasively available biofluid. We used liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyse 274 samples

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Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease

Biomarkers, Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Metabolites, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Zonulin /

Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate

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Altered Functional Connectivity Between Insula and Precuneus in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Biomarkers, iRBD /

Connectivity between the insula and precuneus may be associated with cognitive function among patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), according to the results of a cross-sectional study published in Sleep Medicine. Study researchers recruited patients (n=50) diagnosed by video-polysomnography with iRBD at Seoul National University Hospital Sleep Clinic and healthy controls (n=20)

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Predicting Parkinson’s Disease Trajectory using Clinical and Neuroimaging Baseline Measures

Biomarkers /

Predictive biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease progression are needed to expedite neuroprotective treatment development and facilitate prognoses for patients. This work uses measures derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, including regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), to predict an individual’s current and future severity over up to 4 years and to elucidate

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Non-negative matrix factorization-based time-frequency feature extraction of voice signal for Parkinson’s disease prediction

Biomarkers, dysarthria /

The proposed method achieved average classification accuracies of up to 92 % in vowels, and 97 % in words. There is an improvement in accuracy ranging from 10% to 40 % compared to existing methods. Further, the developed models are evaluated upon an independent dataset. Results on this separate test set show accuracies ranging from

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Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

Biomarkers, Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Metabolites, Pre-PD, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

We found significant alterations in the PD-associated microbiome, which are robust to study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences in microbiome structure between PD and controls are small. Enrichment of the genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium and depletion of bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family and the Faecalibacterium genus, both important short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged as

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The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers, Pre-PD /

This review aims to provide an insight into the current literature concerning salivary biomarkers used in the diagnosis of AD and PD. The most commonly studied salivary biomarkers in AD are β-amyloid1-42/1-40 and TAU protein, as well as α-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) in PD. Studies continue to be conducted on this subject and researchers

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Regional Gray Matter Volume Changes in Parkinson’s Disease with Orthostatic Hypotension

Biomarkers /

PD patients with OH had more severe autonomic dysfunction and reduction in volume in the right inferior temporal cortex than those without OH. The right inferior temporal volume was positively correlated with the Qualitative Scoring MMSE Pentagon Test (QSPT) score, reflecting visuospatial/visuoperceptual function, and negatively correlated with the Composite Autonomic Severity Score (CASS). The CASS

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CSF Biomarker Flags Parkinson’s Pathology Years Before Symptoms Appear

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers, iRBD, Pre-PD, Vagal Nerve /

Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), a test for pathological misfolded protein, detected alpha-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (IRBD), years before clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies emerged. In these patients, RT-QuIC detected misfolded alpha-synuclein in CSF with both sensitivity and specificity of

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