Biomarkers

Neurotoxins that cause parkinsonism and the search for analogues in the environment

Biomarkers /

Through the tragic misadventures described in Addicts,the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was discovered. It hasbeen one of the most important tools in generating animalmodels to study Parkinson’s disease. Studies of how it killsdopaminergic neurons have revealed their Achilles’ heel,mitochondria, the power plants of cells. Mitochondriaprovide cells with adenosine triphosphate, the chemicalenergy molecule that the cells’ […]

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Mild Parkinsonian Signs: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Imaging, and Pathological Associations

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

There are currently no consistent radiological findings for MPS, and pathological studies have shown that MPS, at least in the oldest old, are often underpinned by mixed neuropathologies, including those associated with Alzheimer’s disease, cerebrovascular disease, nigral neuronal loss, and Lewy bodies. Different subcategories of MPS appear to convey varying risk and specificity for PD

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Prodromal Parkinson’s Disease: A Metabolomic Analysis

Biomarkers, Mitochondria, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

For the development of disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) the identification of biomarkers in the prodromal stage is urgently required. Because PD is considered a systemic disease even in the early stage, we performed a metabolomic analysis of the plasma from a mouse model of prodromal PD (p-PD). Increased levels of isobutyrylcarnitine in p-PD

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Advances in early predictors for phenotypic transformation of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers, iRBD, Pre-PD /

Idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is recognized as a prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson′s disease, Lewy body dementia and multiple system atrophy. It is important to timely identify early predictors that can predict early conversion into α-synucleinopathies. This review provided an update on classic and novel early predictors of α-synucleinopathies in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and provided a comprehensive understanding on the phenotypic transformation of the disease. CLICK TO

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Heat Shock Protein 70 as a Sex-Skewed Regulator of α-Synucleinopathy

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers /

The role of molecular chaperones, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), is not typically studied as a function of biological sex, but by addressing this gap we might improve our understanding of proteinopathic disorders that predominate in one sex. Therefore, we exposed male or female primary hippocampal cultures to preformed α-synuclein fibrils in a

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The Effect of a Probiotic Complex on the Gut-Brain Axis: A Translational Study

Biomarkers, Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

A significant improvement of cognitive functions, in terms of short-termmemory, attention, and executive performance, as well as ofpsychophysiological markers, such as salivary cortisol level,skin conductance, sleep quality, and anxiety, were observed.Conclusions: According to the results, L. reuteri PBS072 andB. breve BB077 are potential probiotic candidates for improving stress resilience, cognitive functions, and sleep quality CLICK

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Multimodal retinal imaging to detect and understand Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Symptoms / Diagnosis, Vision /

Retinal neurodegeneration and visual dysfunctions have been reported in a majority of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s patients, and, in light of the quest for novel biomarkers for these neurodegenerative proteinopathies, the retina has been receiving increasing attention as an organ for diagnosing, monitoring, and understanding disease. Thinning of retinal layers, abnormalities in vasculature, and protein deposition can be imaged at unprecedented resolution,

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A blood marker for Parkinson’s Disease: Neuronal exosome-derived α-synuclein

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Symptoms / Diagnosis /

To date, no reliable clinically applicable biomarker has been established for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Our results indicate that a long hoped blood test for Parkinson’s disease may be realized. We here assess the potential of pathological α-synuclein originating from neuron-derived exosomes from blood plasma as a possible biomarker. Following the isolation of neuron-derived exosomes from

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Genetic and environmental factors in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and promising therapeutic intervention via fecal microbiota transplantation

Biomarkers, Fecal Transplants (FMT), Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Gut-Brain axis /

The gut microbiota provides potential therapeutic targets that can be regulated as new interventions for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases, summarize the communication among the components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and discuss the treatment strategy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a promising treatment

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Gut brain axis: an insight into microbiota role in Parkinson’s disease

Biomarkers, Fecal Transplants (FMT), Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication system, which explains how through the vagus nerve, the gut microbiota can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including brain functions related to the ENS, as well as how CNS can alter various gut secretions and immune responses. As a result, this dysbiosis or alteration in gut microbiota

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