The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the
localized regions, microbiota can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota. The microbial communities are in
symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and regulating immune function. However, microbiota dysbiosis can lead to
dysregulation of bodily functions and diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this
review, we discuss the current knowledge of how microbiota links to host health or pathogenesis. We first summarize the research
of microbiota in healthy conditions, including the gut-brain axis, colonization resistance and immune modulation. Then, we
highlight the pathogenesis of microbiota dysbiosis in disease development and progression, primarily associated with
dysregulation of community composition, modulation of host immune response, and induction of chronic inflammation. Finally, we
introduce the clinical approaches that utilize microbiota for disease treatment, such as microbiota modulation and fecal microbial
transplantation. CLICK TO REVIEW