The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, in which fat is used as the primary energy source
through the production of ketone bodies (KBs) in place of glucose. The KD was formally introduced in 1921 to
mimic the biochemical changes associated with fasting and gained recognition as a potent treatment for pediatric
epilepsy in the mid-1990s. The clinical and basic scientific knowledge that supports the anti-seizure efficacy, safety,
and feasibility of using the KD in patients with epilepsy is huge. Additionally, the International Ketogenic Diet Study
Group’s consensus guidelines provide practical information in 2009 and 2018. The KD is a broad-spectrum therapy
for drug resistant epilepsy and is gaining attention as a potential therapy for other neurological disorders. This
article will review recent aspects on the use of the KD, including its mechanisms of action, KD alternatives,
expanding its use across different age groups and regions, its use as a treatment for other neurologic disorders, and
future research subjects. CLICK TO REVIEW