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α-Synuclein aggregation in the olfactory bulb induces olfactory deficits by perturbing granule cells and granular–mitral synaptic transmission

A-Synuclein, Olfactory, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Olfactory dysfunction is an early pre-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the neural mechanisms underlying this dysfunction remain largely unknown. Aggregation of α-synuclein is observed in the olfactory bulb (OB) during the early stages of PD, indicating a relationship between α-synuclein pathology and hyposmia. Here we investigate whether and how α-synuclein aggregates modulate neural […]

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Neuroprotection of chicoric acid in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease involves gut microbiota and TLR4 signaling pathway

Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Gut-Brain axis, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Chicoric acid (CA), a polyphenolic acid obtained from chicory and purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), has been regarded as nutraceutical to combat inflammation, virus and obesity. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and microbiota-gut-brain axis might be the potential mechanism in the pathogenesis and development of PD. The results here demonstrated that oral pretreatments

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Sodium butyrate attenuates rotenone-induced toxicity by activation of autophagy through epigenetically regulating PGC-1α expression in PC12 cells

Autophagy, Butyrate, Parkinson's Disease, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered the key molecular link between gut microbiota and pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the role of SCFAs in PD pathogenesis is controversial. Autophagy is important for the degradation of α-synuclein, which is critical to the development of PD. However, whether SCFAs can regulate autophagy in PD remains unknown.

Sodium butyrate attenuates rotenone-induced toxicity by activation of autophagy through epigenetically regulating PGC-1α expression in PC12 cells Read More »

Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Applications through Nanosystem Delivery

Autophagy, Parkinson's Disease /

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein that performs a neurotrophic function.BDNF and its receptors are widely expressed in the nervous system and can promote the growthof neurons and the formation of neuronal synapses in the brain. Studies have shown that a lack ofBDNF can lead to impairment of memory and cognitive functions, indicating that

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Potential Role of Akkermansia muciniphila in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Neurological/Autoimmune Diseases

Gut Microbiota, Parkinson's Disease /

The composition of the gut microbiota, including Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), is altered in many neurological diseases and may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). A. muciniphila, a mucin-degrading bacterium, is a potential next-generation microbe that has anti-inflammatory properties and is responsible for keeping the body healthy. As the role of A. muciniphila in PD has

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Composition of intestinal flora affects the risk relationship between Alzheimer’s disease/Parkinson’s disease and cancer

Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Hydrogen, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

An increasing number of epidemiological studies have shown that there is a significant inverse relationship between the onset of Alzheimer’s disease/Parkinson’s disease (AD/PD) and cancer, but the mechanism is still unclear. Considering that intestinal flora can connect them, we tried to explain this phenomenon from the intestinal flora. This review briefly introduced the relationship among AD/PD, cancer,

Composition of intestinal flora affects the risk relationship between Alzheimer’s disease/Parkinson’s disease and cancer Read More »

Environmental factors in Parkinson’s disease: New insights into the molecular mechanisms

A-Synuclein, Enviromental /

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2–3% of the population ≥65 years. It has long been characterized by motor impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and psychological and cognitive changes. The pathological hallmarks are intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein aggregates and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease is thought to be caused by a combination

Environmental factors in Parkinson’s disease: New insights into the molecular mechanisms Read More »

Review of Metabolomics-Based Biomarker Research for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers, Metabolites, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Parkinson’s disease (PD), as the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is seriously affecting the life quality of the elderly. However, there is still a lack of efficient medical methods to diagnosis PD before apparent symptoms occur. In recent years, clinical biomarkers including genetic, imaging, and tissue markers have exhibited remarkable benefits in assisting PD diagnoses.

Review of Metabolomics-Based Biomarker Research for Parkinson’s Disease Read More »

Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways

Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Taurine (Tau) is one of the most abundant amino acids in the brain and regulates physiological functions in the central nervous system, including anti-inflammatory effects. There is growing evidence that microglia-mediated neuro-inflammatory responses are an integral part of Parkinson’s disease (PD) onset and progression. Among the many factors regulating the inflammatory response, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)

Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in paraquat-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathways Read More »

Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease

Fecal Transplants (FMT), Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Vagal Nerve /

In recent years, human gut microbiota have become one of the most promising areasof microorganism research; meanwhile, the inter-relation between the gut microbiota and varioushuman diseases is a primary focus. As is demonstrated by the accumulating evidence, the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system interact through the gut–brain axis, which includesneuronal, immune-mediated and metabolite-mediated pathways.

Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease Read More »