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Recent advances in understanding the roles of the enteric nervous system

Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease /

The enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is a vast, mesh-like network of neurons and glia embedded within the bowel wall. Through its complex circuitry and neuronal diversity, the ENS is capable of functioning autonomously but is modulated by inputs from the central nervous system (CNS). The communication between […]

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Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Neurologic Injury

Butyrate, Constipation, ENS, Fecal Transplants (FMT), Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

: Communication between the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the gastrointestinal (GI)tract and the central nervous system (CNS) is vital for maintaining systemic homeostasis. Intrinsicand extrinsic neurological inputs of the gut regulate blood flow, peristalsis, hormone release, andimmunological function. The health of the gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating the overallfunction and well-being

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Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

Gut Dysbiosis, Vagal Nerve /

There has been exponential growth in the awareness and understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) over the past 3 decades. The clinical features of GI dysfunction in PD have been clearly identified and innovative research has demonstrated the presence of pathology within the enteric nervous system (ENS) in individuals with PD, leading

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From the intestinal mucosal barrier to the enteric neuromuscular compartment: An integrated overview on the morphological changes in Parkinson’s disease

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Non-Motor Symptoms /

Gastrointestinal dysfunctions represent the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ofnote, changes in gut microbiota, impairments of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), bowel inflammation and neuroplastic rearrangements of the enteric nervous system (ENS) could be involved in the pathophysiology of theintestinal disturbances in PD. In this context, although several review articles have pooled together

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The gut microbiota-brain axis, psychobiotics and its influence on brain and behaviour: a systematic review

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

The gut microbiota is the set of microorganisms present in the gut, and it is connected to the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. Despite there is not a definitive description of the eubiotic microbiota architecture, numerous studies have demonstrated its involvement in human behaviour and its relationship with several pathologies. This is a systematic review about the association between dysbiosis on

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The α-Synuclein Origin and Connectome Model (SOC Model) of Parkinson’s Disease: Explaining Motor Asymmetry, Non-Motor Phenotypes, and Cognitive Decline

A-Synuclein, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease /

Consequently, the initial α-synuclein pathology inside the CNS is more symmetric, which promotes more symmetric propagation in the brainstem, leading to more symmetric dopaminergic degeneration and less motor asymmetry. At diagnosis, body-first patients already have a larger, more symmetric burden of α-synuclein pathology, which in turn promotes faster disease progression and accelerated cognitive decline. The

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