Japan

Metabolites from the Gut Microbiota and the Role in the
Gut-Brain Axis

Butyrate, Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

The gut microbiota is highly capable of biotransformation, exposing the host to a wide varietyof physiologically active compounds. These metabolites participate in signaling between thegastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system and may regulate physiological andpathological processes in the central nervous system. This bidirectional communication cantake place in a variety of ways, including binding to […]

Metabolites from the Gut Microbiota and the Role in the
Gut-Brain Axis Read More »

Fermented brown rice beverage distinctively modulates the gut microbiota in Okinawans with Metabolic Syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

Butyrate, Diet and Exercise, Fermented Foods, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Accumulating evidence to date suggests that brown rice is superior to white rice in regards to its beneficial impact on a number of risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little is known about the influence of fermented brown rice beverage on the gut microbiota in humans. We therefore hypothesized that its impact would

Fermented brown rice beverage distinctively modulates the gut microbiota in Okinawans with Metabolic Syndrome: a randomized controlled trial Read More »

Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Neurodegenerative
Diseases and Acute Neurological Insults in the Central
Nervous System

Autophagy, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Autophagy is an important function that mediates the degradation of intracellular proteinsand organelles. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degrades selected proteins and has a crucialrole in cellular proteostasis under various physiological and pathological conditions. CMA dysfunction leads to the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in the central nervous system (CNS) andis involved in the pathogenic process of

Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy in Neurodegenerative
Diseases and Acute Neurological Insults in the Central
Nervous System Read More »

Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s
Disease

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Vagal Nerve /

Dopaminergic cells, which use dopamine as a neurotransmitter, arenot as numerous as other brain nerve cells such as serotonergic andGABAergic neurons. However, dopamine neurons project to a varietyof important brain regions to control movement, emotion, the rewardsystem, and the secretion of prolactin. Both schizophrenia andParkinson’s disease are disorders of the dopaminergic neurotransmissions, but schizophrenia has

Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s
Disease Read More »

Polygenic burden of Parkinson’s disease risk stratifies the prognosis of isolated rapid-eye-movement disorder: A preliminary observational study

iRBD, Parkinson's Disease /

Our study showed the intriguing possibility that the disease course of iRBD patients differed according to the degree of polygenic burden of PD risk SNPs, although future validation is warranted. CLICK TO REVIEW

Polygenic burden of Parkinson’s disease risk stratifies the prognosis of isolated rapid-eye-movement disorder: A preliminary observational study Read More »

Deciphering the prion-like behavior of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases

A-Synuclein, Autonmic nervous system, Biomarkers, Gut-Brain axis /

Neurodegenerative diseases are hitherto classified based on their core clinical features, the anatomical distribution of neurodegeneration, and the cell populations mainly affected. On the other hand, the wealth of neuropathological, genetic, molecular and biochemical studies have identified the existence of distinct insoluble protein aggregates in the affected brain regions. These findings have spread the use of a

Deciphering the prion-like behavior of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases Read More »

Characteristics of gut microbiome, organic acid profiles and viral antibody indexes of
healthy Japanese with live Lacticaseibacillus detected in stool

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

To estimate the health-promoting effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (previously Lactobacillus casei) strainShirota (LcS) that reached the lower gastrointestinal tract alive, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome,organic acid profiles, defecatory symptoms and serum viral antibody indexes of healthy Japanese adults between thegroup in whom live LcS was detected or not from stool. The β-diversity index

Characteristics of gut microbiome, organic acid profiles and viral antibody indexes of
healthy Japanese with live Lacticaseibacillus detected in stool Read More »

Minor hallucinations in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder indicative of early phenoconversion: A preliminary study

iRBD /

Minor hallucinations (MH) are psychotic symptoms that can occur anywhere between prodromal to early Parkinson’s disease and after onset of motor problems. MH include visual illusions, presence hallucinations, and passage hallucinations. Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a harbinger of neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the clinical

Minor hallucinations in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder indicative of early phenoconversion: A preliminary study Read More »

Gut bacteria identified in colorectal cancer patients promote tumourigenesis via butyrate secretion

Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Emerging evidence is revealing that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, very little is currently known about whether and how gut microbiota alterations are causally associated with CRC development. Here we show that 12 faecal bacterial taxa are enriched in CRC patients in two independent cohort studies. Among them, 2 Porphyromonas species

Gut bacteria identified in colorectal cancer patients promote tumourigenesis via butyrate secretion Read More »

Circulatory 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D as differential biomarkers between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease patients

Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Vitamins / Supplements / Nutraceuticals /

There is sufficient evidence to support vitamin D’s noncalcemic effects and the role ofvitamin D deficiency in the development of a wide range of neurological disorders. This study aimed to evaluatewhether serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D could be used as biomarkers to differentiate between healthy subjects(HS), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD)

Circulatory 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D as differential biomarkers between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease patients Read More »