review

High diagnostic performance of independent alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays for detection of early Parkinson’s disease

A-Synuclein, Biomarkers /

Alpha-synuclein seed amplification assays (αSyn-SAAs) are promising diagnostic tools for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. They enable detection of seeding-competent alpha-synuclein aggregates in living patients and have shown high diagnostic accuracy in several PD and other synucleinopathy patient cohorts. However, there has been confusion about αSyn-SAAs for their methodology, nomenclature, and relative accuracies when […]

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Clinical therapeutic effects of probiotics in patients with constipation associated with Parkinson disease

Constipation, Pre-PD, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

Constipation is the most predominant symptom of Parkinson disease (PD), preceding the occurrence of motor symptoms in some patients, leading to reduced quality of life (QOL). The general approaches for the treatment have some side effects, but probiotics are live or attenuated microorganisms attributed to ameliorating constipation effects. Moreover, as treatments are generally well tolerated and side

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Metabolic Strategies in Healthcare: A New Era

Diet and Exercise, Fasting, Mitochondria /

Modern healthcare systems are founded on a disease-centric paradigm, which has conferred manynotable successes against infectious disorders in the past. However, today’s leading causes of death are dominatedby non-infectious “lifestyle” disorders, broadly represented by the metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, cancer,and neurodegeneration. Our disease-centric paradigm regards these disorders as distinct disease processes,caused and driven by disease targets

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Short-chain fatty acids as modulators of redox signaling in health and disease

Butyrate, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by colonic bacteria and obtained from the diet, have been linked to beneficial effects on human health associated with their metabolic and signaling properties. Their physiological functions are related to their aliphatic tail length and dependent on the activation of specific membrane receptors. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying

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Microbiota-derived acetate enables the metabolic fitness of the brain innate immune system during health and disease

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

As tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia constitute the pivotal immune cells of this organ. Microglial features are strongly dependent on environmental cues such as commensal microbiota. Gut bacteria are known to continuously modulate microglia maturation and function by the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the precise mechanism of this crosstalk is unknown. Here we determined that

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The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut-Brain axis, Vagal Nerve /

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurological/neurodegenerative syndrome that results in cognitive and communication disorders. The degree of dysbiosis is related to the severity of ASD signs. The gut is conferred with a variety of sensory receptors that cooperate with effector systems including the endocrine, nervous and gut immune systems of the intestine. Gut

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Gut Feelings: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Steroids

Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis /

The intricate connection between central and enteric nervous systems is well established with emerging evidence linking gut microbiota function as a significant new contributor to gut-brain axis signaling. Several microbial signals contribute to altered gut-brain communications, with steroids representing an important biological class that impacts central and enteric nervous system function. Neuroactive steroids contribute pathologically

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Environmental neurotoxicants and inflammasome activation in Parkinson’s disease – a focus on the gut-brain axis

Detox, Endotoxin, Gut-Brain axis, Vagal Nerve /

Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes expressed in immune cells that function as intracellular sensors of environmental, metabolic and cellular stress. Inflammasome activation in the brain, has been shown to drive neuropathology and disease progression by multiple mechanisms, making it one of the most attractive therapeutic targets for disease modification in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Extensive inflammasome activation

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Microbiota in Health and Disease—Potential Clinical Applications

A-Synuclein, Butyrate, Diet and Exercise, Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Vagal Nerve /

: Within the last two decades tremendous efforts in biomedicine have been undertaken tounderstand the interplay of commensal bacteria living in and on our human body with our ownhuman physiology. It became clear that (1) a high diversity especially of the microbial communitiesin the gut are important to preserve health and that (2) certain bacteria

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MISFOLDED α-SYN – FROM RELEASE AND UPTAKE TO CONTAGION OF ADJACENT CELL, ANY LINKS WITH GUT?

A-Synuclein, Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Parkinson's Disease /

Alpha-synuclein(α-Syn) is an intracellular protein which is constantly synthesized and degraded underphysiological conditions. Abnormal aggregation of this protein within neuron is associated with severalneurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease. Although the exact mechanism of initiation ofaggregation and misfolding pathway of a-Syn is yet to be discovered; it’s mechanism of spreading throughinterconnected neuronal networks has taken acompelling

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