review

Alterations in the gut microbiota contribute to cognitive impairment induced by the ketogenic diet and hypoxia

Gut Dysbiosis /

Here, we show that a carbohydrate-restricted (ketogenic) diet potentiates CI induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice and alters the gut microbiota. Depleting the microbiome reduces CI, whereas transplantation of the risk-associated microbiome or monocolonization with Bilophila wadsworthia confers CI in mice fed a standard diet. B. wadsworthia and the risk-associated microbiome disrupt hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and gene expression. The CI is associated with […]

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts a Protective Role in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease via the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Pathway Stimulated by α-Synuclein

A-Synuclein, Fecal Transplants (FMT), Parkinson's Disease /

A mouse model with PD was established via injection of MPTP. Normal or MPTP-induced PD like animals were treated with FMT from healthy normal mice. Pole test and traction test were performed to examine the effects of FMT on motor function of PD mice. Fecal SCFAs were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The α-syn level in

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Exerts a Protective Role in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease via the TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Pathway Stimulated by α-Synuclein Read More »

Neurogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in Parkinson’s 3 disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Parkinson's Disease, Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics /

Findings from preclinical studies suggest that treatment with probiotics increased glucose metabolism (increased secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1), reduced peripheral and central inflammation (reduced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), reduced peripheral and central oxidative stress (reduced peripheral superoxide anion levels and increased central antioxidant glutathione levels), decreased neurodegeneration (increased numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase dopaminergic neurons

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Extracellular Vesicles as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomarkers, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

Brain-derived EVs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier,protecting their payload from enzymatic degradation, and are easily recovered from biofluids. Interestingly, EVcontent is strongly influenced by the specific pathophysiological status of the donor cell. In this manuscript, therole of EVs as source of novel PD biomarkers is discussed, providing all recent findings concerning relevantproteins and

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The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Parkinson's Disease /

The present manuscript is dedicated to identifying various neuronal cytotypes belonging to ENS in baseline conditions. The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among

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Interactions between the microbiota and enteric nervous system during gut-brain disorders

ENS, Gut Microbiota /

The ENS, which is known as the “second brain”, could be under the direct or indirect influence of the gut microbiota and its released factors (short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, gaseous factors, etc.). Thus, in addition to their actions on tissue (adipose tissue, liver, brain, etc.), microbes can have an impact on local ENS activity. This potential

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Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

Biomarkers, Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Olfactory /

The establishment of biomarkers that promote early risk identification is critical for the implementation of early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is seen in 90% of early-stage PD patients and 85% of patients with early-stage AD, which makes it an attractive biomarker for early diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia

Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

We provide an approach to risk disclosure for patients with iRBD. Patients should be asked if they want to know about future risks. If so, disclosure should be patient centered, focusing on what might happen. Discussion should occur early to give patients time to prepare for the future and consider participating in research. CLICK TO

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia Read More »

The Baseline Structure of the Enteric Nervous System and Its Role in Parkinson’s Disease

ENS, Gut Dysbiosis /

The second part ofthe study provides evidence on how these very same neurons are altered during Parkinson’s disease.In fact, although being defined as a movement disorder, Parkinson’s disease features a number ofdegenerative alterations, which often anticipate motor symptoms. Among these, the GI tract is ofteninvolved, and for this reason, it is important to assess its

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