The gut microbiome has also gained increasing attention in PD, and its involvement has been strongly implicated in the modulation of this disease. Microbiota analysis has revealed increased Enterobacteria and decreased Prevotella strains in patients with PD (Scheperjans et al., 2015). Another clinical study found that, compared with healthy controls, patients with PD exhibited decreases in a range of butyrate-producing and anti-inflammatory bacterial genera, including Blautia, Coprococcus, and Roseburia, as well as increases in several potentially harmful proinflammatory Proteobacteria of the genus Ralstonia (Keshavarzian et al., 2015). Concordantly, Unger et al. (2016) found that patients with PD exhibited a reduction of the SFCA-producing bacterial family Prevotellaceae and lower SCFA concentrations relative to control patients. CLICK TO REVIEW