According to psychobiotic research expansion, the gut microbiome—a colony of more than 1000 species—is connected to brain
health and state of mind. Historically, even though a variety of body parts and systems were linked to the nervous system in the
nineteenth century, researchers began began researching the gut, especially the stomach, calling it ‘the great abdominal brain’, ‘the
great nervous center’, and ‘the great sensory center’. In addition to the neurons of the enteric nervous system, the gut and brain are
connected by the microbiome, which influences the brain by varying mechanisms and contributes to the behavioral state of the individual. A healthy gut flora greatly benefits the host. Dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis occurs when the undesirable bacteria outnumber the
desirable bacteria contributed by diet, medications, and stress. Dysbiosis has been linked to several brain disorders, such as autism,
schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorders, sleep disorders, eating disorders, substance abuse disorders, HIV infection, and neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease). Gut bacteria interact with the brain in various ways, including neuroendocrine, immunological, and metabolic pathways. This review discusses
how dysbiosis affects brain-related disorders. This review also describes the pathogenic microbes that predominated the gut microbiota over other health-giving microbes, and the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of brain disorders arising from dysbiosis. CLICK TO REVIEW
Keywords: AIDS; Antibiotics; Anxiety; Bacteria; Environmental Factors; Firmicutes; Great Abdominal Brain; Intestinal Flora; Lactobacilli; Pathobionts; Probiotics; Stres