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Alterations in the gut microbiota contribute to cognitive impairment induced by the ketogenic diet and hypoxia

Gut Dysbiosis /

Here, we show that a carbohydrate-restricted (ketogenic) diet potentiates CI induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice and alters the gut microbiota. Depleting the microbiome reduces CI, whereas transplantation of the risk-associated microbiome or monocolonization with Bilophila wadsworthia confers CI in mice fed a standard diet. B. wadsworthia and the risk-associated microbiome disrupt hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and gene expression. The CI is associated with […]

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Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

Biomarkers, Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Olfactory /

The establishment of biomarkers that promote early risk identification is critical for the implementation of early treatment to postpone or avert pathological development. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is seen in 90% of early-stage PD patients and 85% of patients with early-stage AD, which makes it an attractive biomarker for early diagnosis of these diseases. Here, we

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia

Dementia - Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

We provide an approach to risk disclosure for patients with iRBD. Patients should be asked if they want to know about future risks. If so, disclosure should be patient centered, focusing on what might happen. Discussion should occur early to give patients time to prepare for the future and consider participating in research. CLICK TO

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder as a Pathway to Dementia: If, When, How, What, and Why Should Physicians Disclose the Diagnosis and Risk for Dementia Read More »

Clinical and Pre-Clinical Evidence for Enteric α-Synuclein Involvement in Parkinson’s Disease

A-Synuclein, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Vagal Nerve /

While commonly attributed to neuronal death in SNpc, postmortem studies have shown α-syn immunoreactivity and LB pathology inthe peripheral, central, and enteric nervous system (ENS).While the etiology of misfolded α-syn is unknown, variousgut microbiota and substrates are associated with α-syndysfunction. Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, a commonfeature in the prodromal phase of PD patients, and histological evidence

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Modulation of Neuroinflammation by the Gut Microbiota in Prion and Prion-Like Diseases

Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Mitochondria, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

One fundamental component of systemic homeostasis is the gut microbiota, which communicates withthe CNS via microbial metabolite production, the peripheral nervous system, and regulation oftryptophan metabolism. Over the past 10–15 years, research focused on the microbiota–gut–brainaxis has culminated in the discovery that dysbiosis, or an imbalance between commensal andpathogenic gut bacteria, can promote CNS pathologies.

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The role of oxidative stress and the underlying biological pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

Anti-oxidants, Mitochondria /

The mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and progression ofPD is not fully understood but there is overwhelming evidence thatmaintenance of redox potential is important for neuronal survival.Any disruption in the mitochondrial potential disrupts the cellularhomeostasis, which in turn causes more ROS production leadingto neuroinflammation and degeneration. The review attempts toconsolidate key signaling pathways, and proteins that

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Cutaneous Alpha-Synuclein is Correlated with Autonomic Impairment in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

A-Synuclein, iRBD, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD /

The presence of p-syn at any biopsy site was correlated with both sympathetic (CASS adrenergic r = 0.6, p < 0.05) and total autonomic impairment (CASS total r = 0.6, p < 0.05) on autonomic reflex testing in iRBD patients. These results were independent of the density of p-syn at each site. There was no

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Cross-Reactivity and Sequence Homology Between Alpha-Synuclein and Food Products: A Step Further for Parkinson’s Disease Synucleinopathy

Diet and Exercise, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut-Brain axis, Herbs & Spices, Parkinson's Disease, Pre-PD, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

The cross-reactivity and sequence homology between α-synuclein and frequently consumed foods, reinforces the autoimmune aspect of Parkinson’s disease. It is hypothesized that luminal food peptides that share cross-reactive epitopes with human α-synuclein and have molecular similarity with brain antigens are involved in the synucleinopathy. The findings deserve further confirmation by extensive research. CLICK TO REVIEW

Cross-Reactivity and Sequence Homology Between Alpha-Synuclein and Food Products: A Step Further for Parkinson’s Disease Synucleinopathy Read More »

Exploration of Host Health Benefits by a Defined Consortium of Butyrate-Producing Human Gut Bacteria In Gnotobiotic Mouse Model

Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Metabolites, Mitochondria, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Aberrant gut microbiota composition is found to be associated with several human diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Reduction in butyrate producing bacteria is one of the characteristic features of such dysbiotic bacterial community in the gut. Modulation of gut microbiota to bring the dysbiotic state back to normal healthy state is a promising

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Identification and Characterization of Butyrate-Producing Species in the Human Gut Microbiome

Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Mitochondria, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and indeterminate colitis are increasingly common conditions that places a high physical and financial burden on individuals and global healthcare systems. Though treatments exist for these conditions, their unpredictable nature and causation make them difficult to manage consistently across the variety of IBD patients. Additionally, many

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