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Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids

Diet and Exercise, Gut Microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids /

This review specifically highlights the regulatory functions of DF and SCFAs in the immune system with a focus on major innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how SCFAs regulate innate lymphoid cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells and how these functions impact immunity, inflammation, and allergic responses are discussed. CLICK […]

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Alpha-synuclein induces progressive changes in brain microstructure and sensory-evoked brain function that precedes locomotor decline.

A-Synuclein, ENS /

At 12 weeks post-injection, a separate 43 and distinct pattern of structural and sensory-evoked functional brain activity changes was 44 observed that are co-localized with previously reported regions of α-syn pathology and immune 45 activation. Microstructural changes in the pons at 12 weeks post-injection were found to predict 46 survival time and preceded measurable locomotor

Alpha-synuclein induces progressive changes in brain microstructure and sensory-evoked brain function that precedes locomotor decline. Read More »

Functional imaging of the brainstem during visually-guided motor control reveals visuomotor regions in the pons and midbrain

A-Synuclein, ENS /

Visuomotor activity during visually-guided pinch-grip force was measured while controlling for force without visual feedback activity and visual stimuli without force activity in healthy adults. Using physiological noise correction and multiple task repetitions, we demonstrated that visuomotor activity occurs in the inferior portion of the basilar pons and the midbrain. These findings provide direct evidence

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is Associated with Elevated Bile Acids in Parkinson’s Disease

Gut Dysbiosis, Parkinson's Disease /

Bile acid analysis in the PD appendix reveals an increase in hydrophobic and secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA). Further proteomic and transcriptomic analysis in the appendix and ileum corroborated these findings, highlighting changes in the PD gut that are consistent with a disruption in bile acid control, including alterations in

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The Relationship of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

iRBD /

The neural changes were seen in PD with FOG and RBD, and sensory and motor changes observed in these two diseases. The functional neuroanatomy that controls REM sleep, arousal, and locomotion overlap significantly with multiple neural circuits affected in RBD and PD with FOG. Visual perception dysfunction and motor symptoms that primarily affect gait initiation

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The cell biology of Parkinson’s disease

A-Synuclein, Parkinson's Disease /

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Our understanding of PD biology has been enriched by the identification of genes involved in its rare, inheritable forms, termed PARK genes. These genes encode proteins including α-syn, LRRK2, VPS35, parkin, PINK1, and DJ1, which can

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A randomization-based causal inference framework for uncovering environmental exposure effects on human gut microbiota

Biomarkers, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Pesticides, Pre-PD /

We study the effects of these interventions on the human gut microbiome by testing shifts in microbial diversity, changes in individual microbial abundances, and microbial network wiring between groups of matched subjects via randomization-based inference. In the smoking prevention scenario, we identify a small interconnected group of taxa worth further scrutiny, including Christensenellaceae and Ruminococcaceae

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Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson’s disease

Biomarkers, Butyrate, Gut Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiota, Gut Permeability / Leaky Gut, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Metabolites, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Zonulin /

Previous studies have reported that gut microbiota, permeability, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammation are altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how these factors are linked and how they contribute to disease processes and symptoms remains uncertain. This study sought to compare and identify associations among these factors in PD patients and controls to elucidate

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